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Epic.
"Mahabharata".
"Mahabharata" - the older of the two great epics of ancient India. Place of her birth - the area between the Ganges and the Jumna and the surrounding areas. Time, which dates back its main stories, while her "heroic age" - line II and the I millennium BC. e., the era of inter-tribal wars and the formation of the first states in the valley of the Ganges. The process of cyclization of these stories and the addition of a saga ends, apparently, by the middle of I millennium BC. Oe. (No later than the IV. BC. Oe. In any case), the written fixation of "Mahabharata" may be attributed to the III-IV centuries. Mr. Oe. Duration of oral existence led to the extreme "swelling" of the poem. Moreover, this "inflation" was not only due to fouling of the main stories of new episodes, but also through layers of material on it - the other tales and epic cycles, and especially the extensive discussion and dialogue of religious and philosophical content. Penetration of the latter in a poem because the "Mahabharata" in the second half I thousand BC. Oe. to adopt the priestly (Brahmin) medium and used it in religious practice. In the Brahmanical same medium was apparently carried out and write a poem that completed the process of its transformation into an epic, semi-religious book, which she reached our time.
The plot of the poem forms the center of feud split the clan of rulers of a powerful tribe of Kuru clan Bharata, as it is commonly referred to in the poem ("The Mahabharata" - "Legend of the great battle of Bharata"). Two teams of heroes opposing each other - it's five sons died shortly after their birth the king Pandu (Yudhishthira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula and Sahadeva) and their cousins, the king of a hundred sons of Dhritarashtra. The first epic collectively referred to as the Pandavas, the second - the Kauravas. Friend and helper Pandanov is their first cousin on his mother Krishna. One of the main supporters Kauravas becomes Karna, half brother Pandanov, born before the marriage of their mother Kunti of the sun god, cast it and raised the foster parents (or the Pandavas, Karna either unaware of their relationship). |
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